buffalo soldiers Essay examples -- essays research papers

Buffalo SoldiersThe Buffalo Soldiers Museum has been opened approximately for 4 years now. The purpose of the museum is to explain the history and outstanding contributions the buffalo soldiers feature make for the United States of America. The Buffalo Soldiers represented the first black professional solders in a peacetime army. The recruits came from several backgrounds including former slaves and veterans from service in the Civil War. These African Americans have served proudly in every great American war. In 1866, they created six African American army units. The units were identified as the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and forty-first infantry regiments. The white officers served with these regiments because the army would not let blacks command any troops. The Buffalo Soldiers were around many thousands of people of every race who helped to build the United. These soldiers were Americans helping their country. The soldiers served there country with pride w hen their country treated them unfairly for there skin colorThe Native Americans discovered the nickname for the soldiers. The Soldiers wore thick, furry buffalo hides in the wintertime. They were wrapped up with their dark skin and curly hair they reminded the Indians of buffalos. Also the Native Americans admired the strong and dentiful buffalo. The Buffalo Soldiers accepted their nickname with pride.The Buffalo Soldiers Museum had an exhibits demonstrating how the sold...

Television Drama :: essays research papers

The viewer positioning in television dramas play a very primal and critical part in how the drama is portrayed to the audience, and hence this gives an idea on how successful the show will be. Dawsons brook is a relatively new TV drama aimed at teenagers and the issues they face and have to deal with in society today. The viewer positioning, in relation to the shows themes, structure and values will be discussed and analysed. The Pilot episode (first episode of Dawsons Creek) will be referred back to in this essay, as this episode was what propelled Dawsons Creek into becoming the most watched teen show slightly the world and what made the actors/ actresses into instant stars.Dawsons Creek is about one boys coming of age journey and his womb-to-tomb friendship with a girl from a vastly different home demeanor. The vivid and absorbing relationship between Dawson (James Van Der Beek) and Joey (Katie Holmes) is at the core of the series. better friends since they were small chil dren, the two are faced with many new challenges ahead of them in their teenage years, ones that would not have arisen in their childhood days. One is sustaining their bordering friendship in spite of their budding romantic relationship, their emotional, physical and intellectual growth and the changing world around them.Other than Dawson and Joey, the show also revolves around two other central characters, Jen and Pacey. Jen (Michelle Williams) has mysteriously come from New York to stay with her grandparents, but she clearly has an air of mystery surrounding her as she harbours a one-sided secret from her past. Dawson clearly lusts for her, but when Jen unveils some of her teenage experiences to Dawson, his feelings for her clearly change. Pacey (Joshua Jackson) has been Dawsons best friend, along with Joey, for some time. Pacey lives life fearlessly, and he is eager to discovery what life has laid out for him. His gift for sarcasm is matched only by knack for stumbling awkwardl y and unprepared into adult situations. The four are engaged in an intrigue relationship, and are forced to deal with their feelings towards each other. Dawsons Creek is about their journey through life.The show was conceived, developed and written by Kevin Williamson, who continues to serve as executive producer of the series. Dawsons Creek presents a somewhat autobiographical and almost shockingly honest portrayal of teenage characters dealing with real-life issues.

The Dentists Office Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples, Observation

The Dentists OfficeDr. rust funguss Office, these three words echo throughout my head and I cant breathe. I sit in this awful discomforting place. My body shakes in terror and Suddenly I hear a soft comforting voice say my name, Genna, Dr. Rust is ready to see you now. On the outside, I am smiling and happy, but on the inner, I scream in terror. Although I had been there and experienced that positive pain many times before, I dreaded yet another visit to the dentist. Fifteen minutes ago I drove up to the archaic brick mental synthesis in Delta, Colorado. Out front was an old wooden sign reading, Rust, P L D.D.S. I got out of my comfortable homey car, and headed toward the door that said, ENTER. I took a deep breath and opened the door. A clean but musty smell instantly filled my lungs. The old place was very shabby and uncomfortable. The lady at the desk smiled at me and said, Have a seat it will only be a few minutes. I turn around to take care for the chairs and saw the west wall covered with old cracked wallpaper plastered with flowers. I glance behind me and see the receptionist desk once again, and the bulletin mount up on the wall next to it with dentist jokes and advertisements all over it. The receptionist smiles at me again and I turn back around. I see that the North and reciprocal ohm walls are covered with old wood paneling. One wall has the door in which I just entered, and the other has the dark tunnel leading to the mental testing rooms. I spot the chairs just across the time lag room on both walls. I quickly choose the end one with green and orangeness flowers covering it and sit down. When sitting, I look down at the floor and I am not surprised to see the ancient gold hind end carpet beneath my feet. I Sit in the freezing cold waiting room,... ..., and maneuvered its long bendy stem until it pointed right into my mouth. As he began to work, I stared in a daze at Dr. Rusts thick glasses. When he was done filling my tooth, I got out of the enormous chair and made my way back to the waiting room.I said, goodbye to the nurse and left that awful place. Outside, I took a deep breath of cool fresh air. I practically ran to get inside my safe car. When back inside i cried in excruciating pain, I couldnt even feel my face. I sat there for a while idea of those three terrifying words, Dr. Rusts office. I inserted the key into my ignition, turned it and drove away. When I knew I was home safe, I looked into my rear-view mirror. When I saw that old rickety building filled with bad experiences, I realized that that had been the most uncomfortable place I had ever visited, and I surely wasnt going to return.

South Africa :: essays research papers

AMAGASAKI, Japan - The death toll jumped to 71 Tuesday as crews pulled more(prenominal) victims from the wreckage of Japans deadliest rail crash in decades. Investigators focused on whether excessive speed or the drivers inexperience caused the train to derail and slam into a building. AP Photo alpha fetoprotein Slideshow Train Derails in Japan, Dozens Dead Train Derails in West Japan, Killing 50(AP Video) The seven-car commuter train carrying 580 passengers left the rails Monday morning beside Amagasaki, a suburb of Osaka about 250 miles west of Tokyo. It hit an automobile and then a nine-story apartment complex. More than 440 people were injured. Rescuers working under floodlights pulled out a conscious but seriously injured 46-year-old woman then reached a 19-year-old man passenger, also in serious condition. But most of the work was pitch-dark as crews pulled 14 more bodies from the twisted rail carriages, pushing the death toll from 57 to 71. Two of the five derailed cars we re shoved inside and flattened against the wall of the buildings first-floor pose garage. Distraught relatives rushed to hospitals looking for loved ones who ability have been injured or killed in the 518 a.m. crash. They struggled to comprehend their loss. "I only maxim him the night before," said Hiroko Kuki, whose son died in the crash. "I wish he were alive somewhere... I wish it were only a nightmare." Takamichi Hayashi said his elder brother, 19-year-old Hiroki, might be among those still in the wreck. He said Hiroki had called their mother twice on a mobile phone from inside one of the train cars hours afterwards the crash but remained unaccounted for.

Humbert the Pedophile Essay -- Essays Papers

Humbert the PedophileLolita, the novel by Vladimir Nabokov, tells the story of Humbert Humbert, who is a perfect example of a pedophile. Although the character Humbert Humbert describes his feelings toward the cardinal year old Lolita as love, in actuality, it is obsessive lust. Nabokov does an excellent job displaying the characteristics of pedophilia through this character. Reading Lolita makes us conscious of the need to be to a greater extent than aware that pedophilia is alive and well in our society today. In developing this point, I will examine pedophilia and its clinical characteristics as they colligate to Humbert Humbert and our society.While America sits smugly in front of its televisions and computers, somewhere a pedophile fantasizes about fondling and holding a beautiful child in his arms. According to David Finkelhors research in A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse(43), pedophiles are adults, both male and female, who have a sexual preference toward immature childr en (generally aged 13 or younger). It is important to realize that pedophilia does not always include child sexual abuse. The pedophile must act upon his desires forwards it is considered sexual abuse. Humbert, in fact, does act upon his urges by looking, fantasizing, and actually holding Lolita on his lap. In Aristos Bouiuss essay, Pedophilia Versus Abuse, it is suggested that a real pedophile loves children and doesnt want to hurt them in any way, but rather wants a relationship with the child which can be an enjoyable and loving experience on both sides. Pedophiles often wee-wee on a parental role toward the child, and the child, craving love and attention, accepts the touching, holding or even the act of sex. Most likely, the child has never experienced linguistic rule par... ... 1970.2) Briggs, Freda. From Victim to Offender. Australia, Allen & Unwin Pty Ltd. 19953) Finkelhor, David. A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse. Newbury Park, Sage Publications Inc. 1986.4) Ferguso n, Donna. The Assault on Americas Children. Newport Beach, CA., Harbor House Publishers, Inc. 1994.5) Bouius, Aristo J. Pedophilia Versus Abuse. Simplex. 1996. Http//www. Simplex.nl/users/aristos/engels.htm6) Medinger, Alan P DSM-IV and Pedophilia What Did the APA Do? 1995 Http//www.messiah.eduthpages/facstaff/ come after/h/articles/regene ra/dsm.htm7) Medinger, Alan P. Pedophilia No Longer a Disorder Psychiatric Association Decides. 1994. Http//www.messiah.eduthpages.facstaff/ chase after/h/articles/regene ra/dsm.htm8) Pedophilia Symptoms Mental wellness Net and CMHC Systems, 1995- 1997. Http//www/cmhc.com/disorders/sx63.htm Humbert the Pedophile Essay -- Essays PapersHumbert the PedophileLolita, the novel by Vladimir Nabokov, tells the story of Humbert Humbert, who is a perfect example of a pedophile. Although the character Humbert Humbert describes his feelings toward the twelve year old Lolita as love, in actuality, it is obsessive lust. Nabokov does an excellent job displaying the characteristics of pedophilia through this character. Reading Lolita makes us conscious of the need to be more aware that pedophilia is alive and well in our society today. In developing this point, I will examine pedophilia and its clinical characteristics as they consociate to Humbert Humbert and our society.While America sits smugly in front of its televisions and computers, somewhere a pedophile fantasizes about fondling and holding a beautiful child in his arms. According to David Finkelhors research in A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse(43), pedophiles are adults, both male and female, who have a sexual preference toward prepubescent children (generally aged 13 or younger). It is important to realize that pedophilia does not always include child sexual abuse. The pedophile must act upon his desires to begin with it is considered sexual abuse. Humbert, in fact, does act upon his urges by looking, fantasizing, and actually holding Lolita on his lap. In Aristos Bouiuss essay, Pedophilia Versus Abuse, it is suggested that a real pedophile loves children and doesnt want to hurt them in any way, but rather wants a relationship with the child which can be an enjoyable and loving experience on both sides. Pedophiles often tear on a parental role toward the child, and the child, craving love and attention, accepts the touching, holding or even the act of sex. Most likely, the child has never experienced popular par... ... 1970.2) Briggs, Freda. From Victim to Offender. Australia, Allen & Unwin Pty Ltd. 19953) Finkelhor, David. A Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse. Newbury Park, Sage Publications Inc. 1986.4) Ferguson, Donna. The Assault on Americas Children. Newport Beach, CA., Harbor House Publishers, Inc. 1994.5) Bouius, Aristo J. Pedophilia Versus Abuse. Simplex. 1996. Http//www. Simplex.nl/users/aristos/engels.htm6) Medinger, Alan P DSM-IV and Pedophilia What Did the APA Do? 1995 Http//www.messiah.eduthpag es/facstaff/chase/h/articles/regene ra/dsm.htm7) Medinger, Alan P. Pedophilia No Longer a Disorder Psychiatric Association Decides. 1994. Http//www.messiah.eduthpages.facstaff/chase/h/articles/regene ra/dsm.htm8) Pedophilia Symptoms Mental health Net and CMHC Systems, 1995- 1997. Http//www/cmhc.com/disorders/sx63.htm

Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay -- Milton’s Paradise Lost

Miltons Paradise Lost has been praised as being the greatest slope epic of all time, most stunningly in its authors depiction of the parents of humanity, Adam and evening. How Milton chose to portray the original mother and father has been a focus of much reprimand with contemporary readers. One of the main subjects of these comments is in reference to Eve, who, according to many, is a trivial character that is most definitely inferior to her mate. Nonetheless, many do non recognize that, after the fateful Fall, she becomes a much more evolved character. When Eve is introduced to the storyline of the epic, her character is shallow and extremely undeveloped, meant simply for display. She is quite firmly fit(p) as being inferior to her mate as a female in a predominantly male world. However, upon her decision to eat the apple from the manoeuvre of Knowledge, her change is dramatic and she is no longer the simple character seriously lacking in depth of intellect or knowledge. Thus , as portrayed by Milton, the Fall of the parents of humanity is, in fact, an educational and developing process for Eve. Immediately upon the introduction of Eve to the epic she is clearly portrayed as being sparingly dimwitted and unsophisticated, and seems to simply exist for the exhibition of her beauty and grace. She is shown as being desirable and extremely beautiful to look upon, as Milton often describes her beauty. Actually, the first time that Eve sees Adam she flees from him in fear, as he was not as beautiful as the image that she saw of herself in a pool of water. In fact, she was so infatuated with the image of herself that she would have remained had God not taken her away to meet her mate Pleasd it returnd as soon with respondent looks/ Of sy... ... 1959. 222-246.11. Gulden, Ann, Torday. Miltons Eve and Wisdom the Dinner Party Scene inParadise Lost. Milton Quarterly. 32.4 (1998) 137-143.12. Hart, Thomas, E. Miltons Eve and the Ramayanas Sita Two Female Archetypes. 1995.13. Lewis, C.S. A inaugurate to Paradise Lost. LondonOxford University Press, 1942. 116-121.4. Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Other Poems. Intr. Edwards Le Comte. New York Mentor Books, 1961. 33-343.15. Milton, John. Milton Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Ed. Chrisropher Ricks. New York New American Library, 1982.16. Sampson, George. The succinct Cambridge History of English Literature. 2nd ed. London Cambridge at the University Press, 1961. 357-370.17. Stone, James, W. Mans Effeminate Slackness Androgyny and the Divided Unity of Adam and Eve. Milton Quarterly. 31.2 (1997) 33-42.

Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay -- Milton’s Paradise Lost

Miltons Paradise woolly has been praised as being the greatest English epic of all time, most stunningly in its authors depiction of the parents of humanity, Adam and Eve. How Milton chose to portray the original mother and father has been a focus of much criticism with contemporary readers. One of the main subjects of these comments is in reference to Eve, who, according to many, is a trivial character that is most definitely inferior to her couple up. Nonetheless, many do not recognize that, after the fateful Fall, she becomes a much more evolved character. When Eve is introduced to the storyline of the epic, her character is shallow and extremely undeveloped, meant simply for display. She is quite firmly set as being inferior to her mate as a female in a predominantly male world. However, upon her decision to eat the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, her change is dramatic and she is no overnight the simple character seriously lacking in depth of intellect or knowledge. Thus, as portrayed by Milton, the Fall of the parents of humanity is, in fact, an educational and developing process for Eve. Immediately upon the introduction of Eve to the epic she is clearly portrayed as being slightly dimwitted and unsophisticated, and seems to simply exist for the exhibition of her smasher and grace. She is shown as being desirable and extremely beautiful to look upon, as Milton often describes her beauty. Actually, the first time that Eve sees Adam she flees from him in fear, as he was not as beautiful as the image that she saw of herself in a pool of water. In fact, she was so infatuated with the image of herself that she would have remained had beau ideal not taken her away to meet her mate Pleasd it returnd as soon with answering looks/ Of sy... ... 1959. 222-246.11. Gulden, Ann, Torday. Miltons Eve and Wisdom the dinner party Party Scene inParadise Lost. Milton Quarterly. 32.4 (1998) 137-143.12. Hart, Thomas, E. Miltons Eve and the Ramayanas Sita Two Female A rchetypes. 1995.13. Lewis, C.S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. capital of the United KingdomOxford University Press, 1942. 116-121.4. Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Other Poems. Intr. Edwards Le Comte. New York Mentor Books, 1961. 33-343.15. Milton, John. Milton Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Ed. Chrisropher Ricks. New York New American Library, 1982.16. Sampson, George. The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature. 2nd ed. London Cambridge at the University Press, 1961. 357-370.17. Stone, James, W. Mans Effeminate Slackness Androgyny and the Divided Unity of Adam and Eve. Milton Quarterly. 31.2 (1997) 33-42.

Film about “Cleopatra” Essay

Cleopatra is depicted as a strikingly beautiful, loyal exactly manipulative temptress, oozing femininity as she seduces the two most powerful men in Egypt, Marc Antony and Julius Caesar. A question this raises is, was she an in reliable Queen who felt that she needed a more powerful man to help secure her place on the throne of her beloved Egypt, rather than lose it to one of them? As plantn in the 2005 TV production Rome Cleopatra is seen wanting to get heavy(predicate) by Caesar to secure her position, but in the end she didnt have any qualms if someone else fathered the child, she would pass it off as Caesars.Cleopatra is shown on film as an almost caring being and an intelligent woman. In the 1934 production, Cleopatra tells Antony as she kisses his hand I am no longer Queen, I am a woman. This suggests that in that particular moment, she is allowing her emotions to rule, perhaps even going as far to say that as a Queen she is quite a stony and hard character, but as an ordina ry woman, she is allowing herself to love. In the 1963 film, Cleopatra speaks of One World, one nation, living in peace. This again shows her caring nature that she wants the world to withstand in harmony. In sure life, this could be a rather obvious reference to the UN and stopping war. Again, in the 1963 production, a rather sexist remark is made about Cleopatra If she wasnt a woman, one might think shes an intellect. This Roman depiction shows Cleopatra to be a clever and smart Queen, but as she is female, she is not given sound credit.In most TV and film productions of Cleopatra, she is seen as a beautiful Goddess with lashings of make up and dressed in extravagant costumes and jewellery to show her wealth. This portrayal of her makes her look almost high maintenance and authoritative. However, the Roman coins, which reveal her portrait, decipher Cleopatra as less of a beauty but almost hag like. As these coins are the only piece of history that show what Cleopatra may have looked like, I think it is a case that this is one depiction that has been glamorised by TV and film. Throughout the years as various productions have been filmed, the actresses playing Cleopatra have changed in appearance e.g. their ethnicity, which may show a change in how society sees her. This shows how the world has changed by allowing more ethnic groups into the world ofacting.TV and film seem to develop the depictions of Cleopatra to fit in with the world in which we live at the time of which the production was made. It would appear that the Roman depictions of Cleopatra seem accurate in terms of her character, wealth and extravagant lifestyle but not her looks, as this is the only inconsistency against the historical artefacts we have. As time and society change, we may never know the true identity of Cleopatra.

Filipino nationalism Essay

Jose Rizal first and probably most known invigorated, Noli Me Tangere certainly illustrates Filipino nationalism. The novel was truly material in the establishment of national identity amongst the Filipinos. This novel stirred a great amount of controversy as Rizal illustrated the affairs of the Spaniards in the Philippines. According to the Spaniards officials, the novel of Jose Rizal was full of rebellious ideas and schemes in opposition of the Spanish government.But for Jose Rizal, this novel was his way of giving confidence and pushing his countrymen to struggle against the bad qualities and doings of the Spanish government. The novel presented how Filipinos were powerless and poor in their own country under the rule of the Spaniards (Rizal, 290). Rizal truthfully depicted the Filipino nationality through his emphasis of the Filipinos qualities like a deep reek of appreciation and gratitude, the commitment and dedication of a Filipina together with her influence to a Filipinos life, and the total genuine common sense sh ard by the Filipino people under the Spanish system.The intense messages brought by the novel and Rizals other work El Filibusterismo, made around Spanish officials really furious as these novels portrayed immense abuse and corruption by the Spanish regime in the Philippines. Subversive and heretical are the descriptions that the Catholic Church had for Noli Me Tangere and the Spanish authority had banned the novel in some parts of the country during that snip. Maria Claras is one of the lead constitutions of Noli Me Tangere.She is the heroine in the novel personifying the ideal Filipina, warm, loving and committed to her partner Crisostomo Ibarra who was the hero of the novel. Other characters had symbolisms in the real-life events in the Philippines during Jose Rizals time. Padre Damaso (Father Damaso) was another character with significance as he was a representation of the covert or secret fathering of illegitimate children by the Spanish clergy that time.Through protrude the novel, Rizal captured the attention of the Filipinos by illustrating the prejudices of the Indios and the brutality and fraud of the Spanish priests through his writings. The fictional revolution Rizal had visualized in his novel, with middle-class intellects leading never occurred. However, Noli Me Tangere still influenced a revolution against the Spaniards indirectly. With Emilio Aguinaldo as the leader, the revolution of 1896 took place the Philippines in the long run got its independence in 1898 (Rizal, 290).The novel that Rizal had written may not be the weapon used during the revolution, but it certainly played a huge berth in stirring the emotions and rage that the Filipinos had against the Spanish rule. Noli Me Tangere served not only a novel that attacked the Spanish colonial rule, but also as a character of Filipino nationalism. It was an essential instrument in forming a unified consciousness and national identity amongst th e Filipinos, as numerous Filipino people up to that time were identified with their own regions to the benefit and advantage of the Spaniards.The novel openly criticized and exposed the many elements of the Spanish colonial society. The novel sent its message to the Filipinos, calling out for them to recover self-confidence and recognize the value of their own worth. Noli Me Tangere encouraged the Filipinos to go back to the heritage of their ancestors and asserts themselves of equal status to the Spaniards. Works Cited Rizal, Jose. Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not). Penguin Classics Tra Edition, 2006. Print. Rizal, Jose. Noli Me Tangere article.

Equal Opportunity in Early Childhood Education Essay

Planning for equity can be a difficult task for archaeozoic pip-squeakishness educators crossways Australia. According to Sims (2009), equity in advance(prenominal) churlhood education refers to fairness and is based on a balance of two different sets of covers every childs right to an opportunity to front an early childishness surroundings and every childs right to participate and be makeed as within that environment. churlren have various needs and belong to different cultures and tender groups which results in children participating in early childhood environments differently.Childrens access to prime(prenominal) early childhood programmes which address issues of equity and social justice atomic number 18 crucial in maximising childrens amour in the learning experiences (Robinson & Diaz, 2006). have-to doe with Opportunity in Early Childhood Education Under the National Partnership Agreement on Early Childhood Education, states and territories have committed to achieving cosmopolitan access to early childhood education for all children by 2013 (Council of Australian Governments, 2008).The Agreement targets a childs right to have an opportunity to attend an early childhood environment, by stating that by 2013 children pull up stakes have access to quality programmes organised by four year university trained early childhood t separatelyers (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2011). that throughout Australia there is currently a shortage of teachers, so will these goals be achievable? While this is a imperative agreement addressing each childs right to the opportunity to attend an early childhood environment, it neglects the need to address each childs right to equal participation.Opportunity al unitary will not improve the quality of early learning experiences provided to children. Every Childs Right to Participate equality of participation is an issue in early childhood education that is concerned with early childhood educators, unneurotic with children, creating a diverse present of cultural and social learning activities and experiences for all children to access in the early childhood environment (Elliot, 2006). Images of the child as less competent or developed than adults can subscribe to to a misconception that children do not have the ablaze or cognitive capability to make rational choices.This thinking may lead to the voices of children being left over(p) out of decisions that affect them, denying children their right to participate equally in their early childhood environment. More importantly, this does not align with pedagogical practices fitting the United Nations Conventions of the Rights of the Child (The Convention) (1989). How Can Educators Ensure Equal Participation in the Early Childhood Environment? According to the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF), through their practices educators should honour the principles laid out in The Convention (Council of Austral ian Governments, 2009).The Convention states that all children have the right to participation. This includes educators involving children in decisions that directly affect them (United Nations, 1989). The issue of equal participation involves educators collaborating with children virtually all matters affecting their lives and respecting childrens family, culture, language and other identities by representing these diversities in everyday activities and learning experiences. Including childrens cultural and social backgrounds into the programming and mean enables children to successfully participate equally in the early childhood environment.In todays early childhood environments, a vast array of spaces will be available and they may change depending on the childrens interests. This can include spaces that allow children to express their knowledge and understanding of the sphere, by providing a range of activities within different spaces. Activities supported by spaces include b ut are not limited to art reading imaginative play problem solving give for diversity through inclusive practices acknowledges that all children have different life experiences.The early childhood environment then becomes a place for collaborative learning supporting diversity and difference through respecting each childs equal right to participation. Embedding practices of diversity and inclusion in early childhood environments is a difficult task for educators. Educators need to develop practices that promote diversity through communicating with children, their families and each other, and always be asking themselves Who is this practice benefitting? Catering for Diversity in the Early Childhood Environment.Representing each child in the early childhood environment involves more than simply adding a range of diverse resources. This is one small aspect of inclusion and diversity. Resources need to be discussed and explored with children and educators need to listen and obser ve how children are interacting with them. Recently, I added a large felt world map to the preschool environment. This resource included felt animals and people from around the world. The children had been exploring animals and the relationship that humans have with them.My intention was for the children to explore the differences between land and sea animals. However the children had a different interpretation and as a group they decided to place the felt people onto the country in which they believed they were born. Not wanting to break down the childrens engagement with this resource, I watched on as the childrens interests changed from animals to people and places of origin. Shortly after this experience, I noticed some children kindly explaining to another child that because her skin was brown, she was not from Australia.Adding this resource to the environment inspired a conversation about diversity, but it did not encourage children to explore inclusion and equity. This resou rce needed to be supported with a sustained shared thinking conversation that involved educators and children in discussions about respect, diversity and inclusion within the Australian context. sustained Shared Thinking Iram Siraj-Blatchford (2005) defines sustained shared thinking as two or more individuals working together in an intellectual way to net a problem, clarify a concept, evaluate activities or extend a narrative.Both parties must contribute to the thinking, and the ideas must develop and extend through the discussion. Addressing each childs right to participation through the practice of sustained shared thinking involves early childhood educators engaging with families and children to effectively work together in order to negotiate, develop and implement learning agendas, outcomes and assessments for their own children. Family involvement is critical to the success of young children in early learning environments, as each family comes from a diverse culture with dif ferent traditions, values, and belief system.In order to effectively address the issue of equity, educators need to create mutual respectful relationships, where parents and children are heard and their ideas are included in the environment. As recognised in the EYLF (Council of Australian Governments, 2009), an image of a child that is based on children being undetermined and knowledgeable, requires educators to respect each childs capabilities, culture, and unique qualities. Planning for equity in the early childhood environment is important for childrens social and emotional wellbeing.Each child and family bring with them a collection of diversities to the childs own learning, resulting in children experiencing a sense of belonging, being and becoming differently. With each environment being different in terms of philosophies, children, families and community involvement, how you include families in your unique environment will vary. Sustained shared thinking practices are one w ay educators can improve the issue of equity in early childhood education.Being able to include the voices of children and their families by catering for each childs diversities and encouraging a sense of wellbeing should be seen as a positive attribute of the early childhood education sector. Something to think about childhood is broad need ? equity in earlythat children have access to ? differencesequityto be acknowledged to address in early childhood it is important ? early childhood environments that represent ?the ability to program and plan for children, with who they are children, families and communities is a strength of the early childhood sector early childhood educators need to represent children equally and diversity ? all participation to address their right ? helping children uncover difference potential to to in a supportive environment has the diversify future societies and will increase acceptance and respect for others. Resources and References Further informatio n about sustained shared thinking practices can be found at http//www.earlychildhoodaustralia. org. au/pdf/shared_thinking. pdf Council of Australian Governments. (2008). National partnership agreement on early childhood education. Retrieved whitethorn 18, 2011, from http//www. federalfinancialrelations. gov. au/content/national_partnership_agreements/ED005/national_partnership_on_early_childhood_ education_update. pdf Council of Australian Governments. (2009). Belonging, being and becoming the early years learning framework for Australia. Retrieved May 25, 2010, from http//www. deewr. gov.au/earlychildhood/policy_agenda/quality/pages/earlyyearslearningframework. aspx Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. (2011). Universal access to early childhood education. Retrieved May 20, 2011, from http//www. deewr. gov. au/Earlychildhood/Policy_Agenda/ECUA/Documents/UA_ECE_Factsheet. pdf Elliot, A. (2006). Early childhood education Pathways to quality and equity for all children. Victoria Australian Council for Educational Research. Robinson, K. H & Diaz, C. (2006). Diversity and difference in early childhood education issues for theory and practice.New York Open University Press. Sims, M. (2009). Nurturing a sense of fairness in children. Retreived May 20, 2011, from http//www. earlychildhoodaustralia. org. au/every_child_magazine/every_child_index/nurturing_a_sense_of_fairness_in_children. html Siraj-Blatchford, I. (2005). Quality interactions in the early years. Retrieved May 7, 2011, from http//www. earlychildhoodaustralia. org. au/pdf/shared_thinking. pdf United Nations. (1989). The convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved March.

Opinion on the novel The Zahir

The Zahir Life, happiness, love, loss, and obsession characterize the latest novel that I defy read The Zahir written by the Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. The title itself revealed an interesting feeling and curiosity to the readers. The term Zahir comes from the Islamic tradition which means visible and unequal to(p) of going unnoticed. This international bestseller novel is a piece of art full of surprises and mysteries.The tory is about the narrator, a bestselling novelist who lived by enjoying all the pleasures and privileges money, fame, power, and celebrity brings. For unknown reasons, he was throw out by his own wife named Esther, a war-correspondent. The simple language used by the writer is so powerful and persuasive that would allow readers to feel the tawdriness of the scenes. Moreover, the writer used the first- person point of view to provoke effectively emotional situations. Paulo Coelho also ade use of imagery.As an adventurous person, I appreciate near the nar rators pilgrimage. I felt like I was also traveling by reading the narrators search for his own self and wife from Paris to Kazakhstan. Along the locomote with special significance, the novel showed virtues like generosity to the poor, spirituality, patience, love, respect and knowing oneself to have genuine happiness. Finally in the later part, the narrator was able to meet Esther and whether to quell with him or not lies in her ecisions.I can say that the ending is worth reading and waiting because of the enjoying tension. After reading the whole story, I can come that the author is someone who is full of experiences and wisdom and maybe hes also in search for something very significant. The Zahir represents a human experience after reading it, readers would fit again how to love and forgive in an unselfish way, and most especially, how to live life to the fullest.

The Odyssey as a Classic

Classic literary works often provides insight to an ancient society, their values, and their beliefs. some(prenominal) books that are considered classics today focus on ancient Rome and Greece. Revenge, hubris, and other themes, and the relation of this book to modern life, classifies the poem The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Fitzgerald, as a classic. For this rea parole, it is still read today. Classic themes of The Odyssey are a reason that it is a timeless tale. The concept of revenge is often shown throughout Odysseus journey.The reason Odysseus kills the suitors is to avenge their booty of his abode. Odysseus kills Antinoos first since he was the leader of the suitors. Not only do mortals believe in revenge, the gods do too. They encourage Odysseus to take revenge, and Zeus even sends a thunderclap down to signal the right time for Odysseus to strike. Another theme in the Odyssey is hubris. In most classic, the hero or protagonist demonstrates this quality. This was follo wed up on in The Odyssey, where Odysseus was the character who demonstrated hubris the most.After he blinded Polyphemos and successfully escaped, he screamed out his name to the monster, who did not know his real identity previous to this. This was a mistake caused by his excessive pride, because he wanted the Cyclops to know that he, Odysseus, was powerful enough to blind the son of Poseidon. Polyphemos then prayed to his father that Odysseus would work a long and difficult journey, which of course Poseidon honored. Lastly, the use of the loom in The Odyssey helps to make the poem a timeless classic.The loom is used multiple times by women throughout the story. It often demonstrates hearth and home. Penelope uses it to trick the suitors. She says that she must complete the shroud of Laertes before she chooses a new suitor. This makes the suitors respect Penelope since it displayed her kindness and honor. In reality, Penelope was really avoiding marriage by unweaving the shroud eve ry night. Kirke also used the loom to lure Odysseus crew into her house and make it appeal to them. This eonian use of the loom is a motif.The use of motifs makes a piece of literature a classic because they create a sense of continuity and security, and they get the referee to react. The themes of revenge and hubris, and the use of motifs allow The Odyssey to be a timeless classic. The relation of The Odyssey to modern life accounts for its continued appeal. The story of Odysseus journey can in some(prenominal) ways relate to the typical life of humans today. The story is life, but mythologized. For example, missing a loved one is something that often occurs today.In The Odyssey, Odysseus mother dies because she misses her son too much. Her story is told while Odysseus sees her in Hades. Second, individuals intervene in the matters of others. Other people provide their input of a problem today, while in the epos poem it was the gods. This intervening of the gods was a large part of the story. For example, if it wasnt for Athena erasing the memories of the suitors deaths to their families, then the families would have attempted to assassinate Telemakhos and his father.Also, Odysseus journey would have been incredibly shorter if it werent for Poseidon intervening after Polyphemos prayed to him to make Odysseus journey longer. One of The Odysseys public qualities is the relation of it to life today. Themes such as revenge, hubris, motifs, and reader-to-text connections are examples of universal qualities included in the poem The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Fitzgerald. These qualities classify this poem as a classic. 3000 years after it was published, it is still thriving. One of the oldest works of literature is still considered a timeless piece of literature today.

Computer is a great technology in our life Essay

Most of the people rely on computer nowa twenty-four hourss. It serves us pricking to lessen work for providing a specific output. Most of locating work has nominal human errors, redundant data and prison term consuming. Some of manual(a) process is a time consuming and inconsistent data bear upon and completelyow fors redundant output. The computer program is the one that leave behind provide particular answers to these issues. One of the office works is a program subroutine program depository library that processes borrowing and harvest-feasting of ledgers. exercise has huge manipulation of culture in libraries.The library is a manual process for student registration, borrowing and returning of books. The student will first underwrite library add-in. He/she will present his certificate of matriculation with 1x1pc picture. If overbold student, the librarian will process the library card and issue card. If old student, average validate the depository library car d. In case of lost, re-issue a Library card to the student. In borrowing books, the student/ customer will register at the statistics book. He/she will present a library card / borrowers card to the personnel department.If the purpose of coming is reading, the librarian will recommend library resources. Inform them where they can escort or locate the materials and monitor as rise up as cargon clients on enigmas encountered while inside the library room. If the clients finished reading the books, they may return the books or reading materials. If they will borrow books/materials the library assistant/aide shall a) Finds appropriate library materials b) Check the completeness of the books c) Ask the borrower to fill up the library book card and borrowers card.d) Check the proper entry in the library book card. e) Counter check the due date f) Clip the library card, naming card, borrowers card, together with the book card. g) File the card on the tray h) Issue the book/reading ma terial with the date of return together with the borrowers card. The client will receive the borrowed books, borrowers card and ac knowledge the book with the return date. Learning is discovering and developing ones talents and skills, this is why it is important to learn from books that can deeper ones knowledge strand in library. interlock Based library placement of School is helping to enhance and repair its services. The Library system will help the assigned personnel lessen the workload of the job. The inaccuracy and inefficiency of the manual system hassled to a slow service of the librarian. In modulate to improve the said manner, the researchers decided to shift from a manual system of locating books to a computerized library system. As the manual system turned into a computer found system, it will be include for those from no-hit ones.PROJECT CONTEXT School (SCHOOL) of legazpis library at present time pulmonary tuberculosiss the manual Library System in accomplishin g and performing its tasks of recording and trailing of books, computing the overdue account, book cataloguing and make inventory of books. The librarian and other library personnel undergoes / undertakes the lengthy process of recording and making an inventory of books by means of writing in the record book and copying all the titles and necessary schooling of the old and brisk books.In borrowing books, the librarian will obtain the borrowers card. This borrower would fill up to be able to borrow the book motivationed. The same process of returning of books the borrowers shall return borrowed books on the interest day as stated on library policies. The said transaction appe bed at the statistics logbook, wherein books have been borrowed is recorded including the date borrowed and returned. If failure to return the book acquired, they are get to pay the overdue account.The SCHOOL of legazpi has encountered problems with their transactions especially when the library uses a manu al system which is the main hitch of the library. They consume so much time and effort in recording / tracking, reckoning of fines, inventory and locating of books and do have a hard time in managing and protecting records where it may easy get lost. The inaccuracy and insufficiency of the manual system hassled to a slow service of the librarian. In order to improve the manual process on the library they need to convert the manual system to computerize.Purpose and Description To provide a computerized library system for the School (SCHOOL) library that will help and give final result in solving the following problems (1) Computerization of SCHOOL Library System that will replace the current manual system in the library(2) expeditious searching in borrowing and returning of books for quick process in updating record (3) Viewing of book reading via Local Area Network (LAN) to make records accessible to students, faculty, staff and researchers and (4) Computations of fines for ove rdue books.General objective To have / provide a Network-based Library System for School. Specific objectives * To develop a mental faculty for book registration and student registration that will bell ringer card and library reports. * To develop a mental faculty for borrowing and returning of books. * To develop staff for thoughting of available book/s via Local Area Network. * To develop a module that computes fines for overdue books. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The study will include the following Book Registration, this module will allow registration of books.The selective information of each book (such as accession number, author, category and so on ) will be stored in a database. It will be easy for the librarian, library in charge and borrowers to know the accessibility of books, the status of each book is stated whether it is borrowed or available. Borrowers Registration, this module will allow registration of borrower directly at the library. Its function is to record th e data such as borrowers no. borrowers name, address, course, class level, email address.The borrowers information will be utilized for printing of library card and in borrowing. Printing of library card, this module will allow the librarian to print library card. The system will generate borrowers number. Borrowing and Returning of books, the proposed system will provide the record of available books which can borrow by the researchers. Its function is automatically records borrowers information (borrowers name and no. ) and book information (accession no. and title).Searching of book, the system will allow prodigal searching of book in different criteria such as title, author and subject. Its function is to fasten the time of searching of a particular book. Backup and redo this module will includes backup and restore of database in order to prevent data loss. Generation of Reports the system will generate reports on the inventory of books, borrowed books, and reticent books, l ist of books, list of borrowers, and list of delinquent borrowers.Maintenance of Record the system will maintain the following user maintenance, book information (author, publisher, description, subject etc. ,) course management and offences. The system will not cover the following Inventory of library materials and equipment such as chairs, tables, and cabinets Reservation of books Indexing of journals, periodicals, newspapers, magazines, and other library materials Monitoring damage books and reporting of purchased books and its expenses and other collection of fines to be paid.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe study would beneficial the following LIBRARIAN the computer based library transaction will help her/his workload and give the librarian the better way of storing the records of the library and improve its operations in borrowing and returning of books and festinate up the printing of library cards. With the help of the system, the librarian will find the system as a tool to ma ke his/her registration faster reaction to queries by library researchers such as availability of book and proper computation of fines to borrower.RESEARCHERS OF THE LIBRARY with the computerization of library transactions, the researchers will then have a more convenient and efficient way of researching in the library. If a student wishes to borrow book in library, the student can now know the availability of the book in the library. Students will have the benefit of the good service of borrowing and returning of books, accurate computation of fines, better book reservation and borrowers registration. In addition, the student will gain more interest in studying and researching because they will be able to retrieve valuable information. SCHOOL LEGAZPI LIBRARY thecomputerization of library at School Legazpi will serves as a proof that they can cope with the advancement of technology. It will also serve as a means of giving the students quality education and service through the he lp of technology. Many students will encourage pursuing their education because of the convenient way of accessing valuable information. PROPONENTS the study will give the powers the information and background roughly the library transactions. This study will help the proponents to have a better understanding about Transaction Processing System (TPS) such as library system transactions in a SCHOOL Legazpi.This study will provide the proponents the knowledge about the different tools and techniques necessary in developing computer systems. Moreover, this study will enable the proponents to acquire skills in system development, project management as well as radiation pattern and analysis skills as the study progress and the system is developed. FUTURE RESEARCHERS the proposed system will provide the future researcher information about the library system, and they can come up with effective ideas that will help them in their own studies.This study will give them the right and all important(p) information they will need such as the different transactions involved in the library system. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of tie in literature and studies that provide a wide idea and in relation to the study. It cites the similarities of the current system from other previous studies. It also intends to provide framework that are related to present study which are the theoretical framework that are related to present study which are the theoretical and conceptual as well as the definition of terms.RELATED LITERATURES The march of electronic technology in the library gives incentive idea that click and drag was replaced brick, mortar, and papers. People have the cream of going into computer to search for book and journals and check out materials, however, these options have not replaced human librarians or paperwork According to Michael M. Kajanjian, instructor of Triton College the computer and net income ha ve great promise. This does not mean electronics was or should eliminate library buildings, books and journals.This computer based access is very important to locate the recorded information by using a computer instead of having to always visit the library. Brian Neilsen stated that the classroom adds the dimension to the library buildings. The people attend and interact with librarian and borrowers outside the library. These interactions allow us to update recorded knowledge, where the library resources give us access to record information. FOREIGN STUDIES The Vaxjo University Library of Sweden has a web based system called Diva. Diva stands for digitala vetenskapliga akrivet (Academic Archive on beginning).It enables students and researchers to publish their research work to the University Library. Students and researchers can also search, research done by other researchers. Each year the student publishes their result in conference papers, journal articles, thesis reports, books, etc. These publications should be registered both at the Vaxjo University Library and RICS (Research in Computer Science) web site in a semantic way to avoid any kind of redundancy and errors. To develop a system which follows the principle publish once and view all over is the objective of this project.The National University Library system in Turin, Italy provides the National University system community with access to affordable, quality resources and relevant information literacy skills, expediting their integration into the community of lifelong learners. The Library will create an information literate community through a state-of-the art instructional program. The Library will be proactive and yeasty in reaching out, in order to anticipate and respond to community needs for resources, programs and services. Vision Digital motion-picture show Library System at the University of Kansas, USA.The digital libraries of the future will provide electronic access to information in many different forms. Recent techno sensible advances make the storage and transmissions of digital television system Library system prototype suitable for storage, indexing, and retrieving video and audio information and providing information across the internet. LOCAL STUDIES Bicol University Polangui Campus Library System was proposed by Arevalo, Rubiano, Rebusi and Romero of STI College Legazpi. The proponents aim to provide an Automated Library System of Bicol University Polangui Campus.The proposed system was to provide a faster tracking of activities in terms of library transactions such as borrowing, returning, and computation of fines and penalties for overdue accounts and generation of reports. Bar code reader was also used for faster transactions specifically in borrowing and returning book. The system proposed by group of Arevalo includes the printing of library card and card catalog, searching of book and borrower as well as generation of library reports. These feature s will be included in the proponents similar to their study.The system of Bicol University Polangui Campus includes reports for borrowers list, book list, borrowed books and other reports where proponents also integrate on the proposed system. ANG2000 The University Library of UP Diliman encompasses one Main Library and thirty-five (35) College or Unit Libraries. It envisions global information exchange throughout the UP Library System. It is mandated to be the information resource center of excellence in the social sciences, arts and basic sciences. It strives for full automation, a world-class collection and a staff of thoroughly modern information professionals.The University Library was officially established by the gore of Regents in 1922, fourteen years after the founding of the University of the Philippines in 1908. The University Library, which was at the same time designated as the Department of Library Science was placed on an equal level with other departments of instru ction for the services of all colleges of the university. Between the years 1908 to 1922 University constituents made use of small libraries in the various units and colleges of the university and government libraries in Manila for their research and information needs.The UP Diliman Library Collections have been developed to aid of teaching, research and extension work in the disciplines designated to Diliman. Topping the list of plectron collections in UP Diliman is the Filipiniana Collections, which come in print, non-print and digital forms. ISRAR Divine Word College of legazpi High School Library. The school decided to computerize the library system because of the problems encountered in the existing manual operation. According to the librarian, Mrs.Mariquit Pedrasa, the inventory, updating and maintenance of the material as well as the records are very tedious on her part. In the year 2004, the library started to implement the computerized library system. According to the libr arian, the computerized library system answers the problems regarding time consuming process for lending and borrowing of books. It is easier now to update the status of the books and with the use of the automated card catalogue the user will be helped to find the information about the book. BAL2006.doubting Thomas University of legazpi, implemented the computerized library system, in 2006 by Mr. Atonio Morada. Because of the problems encountered in the existing manual process, the school library decided to computerize the library process. The system provides improvement of monitoring of books by using bar coding and card cataloguing and it also automatically generates reports needed by the librarian. When a book is borrowed, it will automatically show daily report on the transaction. If the book is not returned on a due date, it will display information about the unreturned books.One the book has been returned, the database will be updated. Available and reserved books will be show n in a daily report. The researchers can only reserve on book. For the accuracy in card cataloguing, the system has Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). The researchers can view the information and the status of the book using the internet. AQU2004 . Gap Bridge of the Study Computerization of the manual process of the service of the School had brought a great help to the personnel assigned. Technology today is very important to achieve it.Through Computerized system service, it had lessened the workload had an easy access to information and need managed all the transaction. Going over the related literature and studies, the researchers found that other researchers had only focused on the computerization of the recording of books, inventory, sorting and generating reports especially in the Library System. The researchers decided to conduct the study in the SCHOOL library to make the system fully enhanced and developed. Today, the Local Area Network (LAN) represents a new playingfield where all the amount of knowledge that comes from traditional media is molded together.The library plays an important role for the people to gain more knowledge, thats why it is good to have an easy access to information from the library. To enhance the services of the library, the researchers contemplate a study for faster and for efficient access in library transaction, through the Network based Library System. The students can now search and reserve books through local area connection. This system had contributed big help improve the service of the SCHOOL library transactions.NOTES IsrarUlHaq, A web based system for Publishing Publications to both Vaxjo University and RICS, University of Bovas/ Sweden School of library and Information Science. ISRAR KokMengPua, Prototyping the Vision Digital Video Library System, www. ittc. ku. edu/research/thesis/documents/kokmenpuathesis. pdf www. updiliman. com BAL2006Baldres, Jennifer B. , Library Services of DWCL of Legazpi and their eff ectiveness. (Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Nueva Caceres, Naga City 2006 AQU2004Baloloy, Merjerere b. Bermas, Maricel L. , Mary JessB. , DaytoEditha A.Computer Based Library System of Aquinas University of Legazpi Professional Schools (Unpublished Masters Thesis, Aquinas University of Legazpi, September 2004 Www. yahoo. com, Central Library at IIT Madras. www. ndcp. edu. ph/library/thesislist. php? Kazanjan, Michael M. Ethics and Phenomenology, Internet Encyclopedia Aileen V. Ang and Edelweiss E. Monsalve, AMA Computer tuition Center(Albay) Library System (Unpublished Thesis of AMA Computer College Center of Legazppi, December 2001. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN This chapter shows the discussion of the research and methodology used in the system.The contents of this chapter are the research methods applied in the present study. The System Development Life steering wheel (SDLC) was also utilized for the analysis of the determined problem including the dia grams for Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and Top-Down Structure which helped to illustrate the program designed for the system. It also discusses the sources of data, research instrument used, and Data congregation procedure. Research Method The present study had made used of the descriptive method for further analysis of the problem on the School legazpis Library.This method was used in completion of the study which the researchers had gather uped information through observation, conduct interview on library personnel in order to gather and accurate data and reliable information to answer sub-problems presented in the study including relevant facts needed in the study. This method was chosen by the researchers for the analysis of the information that can be used for the implementation of the research study. Research Design In the system, the most important relation in the study was the interaction between the library personnel and the students / borrow ers.the researchers had conducted a study for an efficient and fast service of the assigned personnel to students /borrowers. In this study, the researchers had used the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for the systematized approach in solving the problem to make a useful system. The researchers have refined the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) into a logical strategy that can be applied to many kinds of problems. This has five phases, the Planning, Analysisand Design, Implementation and the Operation and Support phase.PlanningIn this phase, the researchers had recognized, diagnosed and defines the problem, by means of crowd information like interview, researches, and providing querynaires. During this phase, assessments were conducted on the overall scope of the problem and how much money and time would be spent in solving it. The researchers planned and conducted the study to formulate solutions based from the discovered problems in the SCHOOL Library system. Analysis Du ring this phase, normally involve developing a problem definition and taking an initial disembodied spirit at the feasibility of the project.It also involves studying and documenting the current system, interviewing librarian and other users about their needs and recommending solution to the problem. The proponents also analyze the requirements to consider in order interacting with its environment. Design In this phase, the proponents diversifyed the problem into solution. First, the proponents produced a system specification that tells the librarian what the system will do. later the librarian approves the conceptual design, the proponents plan to design an alternative way of using an object oriented design to enhance the existing system based on the information ga in that respectd.Implementation In this phase, the proponents transform the library problems into a solution on a computer based system. The system is installed and tested. Testing is very important to ensure its perf orming optimally. Bugs in the system are identified and corrected. Maintenance In this phase, the manual system must change into a newly enhanced system for past performance of task. If there are some additional requirements in the system, the researchers should add it in the system programs and develops the software. It is important to maintain the convenience as used by librarian and borrower of the new system. DATA GATHERING TOOLSThe researchers aim to gather all the data and information needed to the study. They used some ways to be able to formulate a solution to the problem of the existing system. One of the ways is looking for related books and references within school and other school for the related topic. Observing in the library and browsing the internet were also factor for gathering important data. however, the most efficient and effective way the proponents does was setting up and conducting an interview with the school librarian and other library personnel, for a reas on it provides more detailed and reliable statement to answer the problem in the study.The following are the data gathering procedures that the researchers will implement 1. Interview It is one of the methods utilized by the proponents for the gathering of data. Although process is time-consuming, it is very useful for the reason that it gathers specific information and raises follow-up question for the sake of clarity and verification of data to the librarian and the borrower. The first step in the process of conducting interview is to construct a letter of request for the client. After granted, the proponents begin to research and ask over several questions with regards the transaction and other related to the study.2. Research This is the methodical process of collecting and evaluating information to increase proponents understanding of the phenomenon under study. These aid proponents as a guide for developing an effective and efficient system. The researchers follow a line of in vestigation from other sources to draw and gather related information. The books that have relation to the topic were compiled and used as reference. The proponents make use of another powerful tool called the internet to look for a data which contributes on the competence of the study.All these and through these materials helps a lot to make the system efficient and effective. 3. Observation This is the result where the group takes time in observing, examining, monitoring and identifying the routine of the library transaction such as the way how the borrowers have an access to books in the library. What are the policies and penalties? And how books are being arrange in the shelves and how it was categorized. Through to this, it helps the proponents distinguish how they must design the system.

Dick Spencer Case Essay

Spencer was a arrange manager of Modrow Company, a Canadian Branch of the Tri-Ameri quarter Corporation. Tri-American was a major producer of primary aluminum with compound operations ranging from mining of bauxite by the processing to fabrication of aluminum into variety of products. The order had likewise made and sold refractories and industrial chemicals.The invoke participation had wholly owned subsidiaries in five separate United States locations and had foreign affiliates in 15 different countries. Tri-American employed approximately 22,000 employees in the total organization. The company was governed by a carte of directors. The board set general policy, which was then interpreted and applied by the various limit managers. This decentralization in organisational structure increased the freedom and authority of the give managers, merely increase the pressure for profitability.Spencer started his course in Tri-American Corporation as salesman and he succeeded. Aft er two years of successful work as salesman, he became the symbol of what salesman have to be. In his c beer in Tri-American, he had worked as salesman, troubleshooter, assistant plant manager in English branch in London UK, plant manager in Birmingham in UK and his last position was plant manager of Modrow company in Canada. It was an new(prenominal) ch every last(predicate)enging position in his career and he had deliverd few problems regarding to management, organization culture, organization conflict and organization innovation. Spencer was a plant manager of Modrow Company, a Canadian Branch of the Tri-American Corporation. Tri-American was a major producer of primary aluminum with integrated operations ranging from the mining of bauxite through the processing to fabrication of aluminum into a variety of products. The company had also made and sold refractories and industrial chemicals. The parent company had wholly owned subsidiaries in five disjointed US locations and had foreign affiliates in 15 different countries.Tri-American employed approximately 22,000 employees in the total organization. The company was governed by a board of directors, which included chairman, vice chairman, president and 12 vice presidents. Subsidiaries and branches are organize as independent companies and decisions are decentralized. The Modrow Branch was located in a border town in Canada. The total work force in Modrow was 1,000. This Canadian subsidiary was primarily a fabricating unit. Its main products were pose and twist products such as roofing and siding.Problem1. Resistance to throw by employees, this problem shows when neb as the plant manager asked the worker why he was using the saw when the material could advantageously be bent fifted into the barrels, resulting in saving time and equipment. And then the worker said Weve never through with(p) it that way, sir. Weve always cut it. After all the power saw are removed from the scalp res publica in order t o adjust new method of bending rather than cutting. A few day later Dick find out that workmen using hand shears to cut each stripteaser to cut.2. Process of Production Problems. In his new position as Plant Manager at Modrow, he found that construction was slower in completion than originally planned equipment arrived before the building was finished, employees were flip over about the extent of change expected in their work routines with the installation of additional machinery, and in general morale was at low ebb down.3. Culture Change Problem there is the difference amidst American and British philosophy and performance within the plant. Here, he also found that his power and authority were little than those of his superiors, so he constantly found himself in the position of having to soft pedal or detain suggestions that he would have liked to make, or innovations that he would have liked to introduce. After a frustrative year and a half, Dick was suddenly made plant man ager of an old British company which had just been purchased by Tri-American.He left his first English assignments with mixed and moved from London to Birmingham. In Birmingham, he become a plant manager and operated much as he had in his troubleshooting ruminate for the first couple of years of his change from sales to administration. He did some changes in Birmingham. Training and reducing programs were instituted for all supervisors and managers who survive the initial purge. He tried to focus/ control on relationship between production and the needs from sales by simplifying and redesign in order to increase profit. Later the company showed a small profit for the first time in many years. For this successfulness, then he quest transferred back to United States.4. Cost Reduction Problem, by the end of his first year at Modrow, the building program had been completed, although behind schedule, the new equipment had been installed, and some revamping of cost procedures had been i n unifiedd. But, the financial picture at this time showed as a loss. Later, all managers of the various divisions had worked closely with their supervisors and accountants in planning the budget for the following year.5. adult male relations/ Interaction Problems When he worked through his first year as plant manager, Dick developed the utilisation of strolling around the organization. He was apt to leave his major power and appear anywhere on the plant floor, in the design office and at the plant cafeteria rather than in the executive dining room, or wherever there was activity concerned with Modrow. At first his presence disturbed those who noted him coming and going, but later, the workers came to accept his presence and continue their usual activities. Supervisors, managers, and foreman, however, did not feel as comfortable when they saw him in the area.6. Different corporate culture in Canada, even though Canada is located in same geopolitical areas, geographically and nat ionally Canada is different country and corporate culture is bit different from USA. And Dick Spencer is American manager who started his career in USA. As we can see from the case, Dick Spencer is basically very arresting to adapt different corporate culture in different countries such as UK and Canada plant career. We can see it from this condemn In recalling his first year at Modrow, Dick had felt constantly pressured and badgered. He always sense that the Canadians he worked with resented his presence since he has brought in over the heads of the operating staff. At the same time he felt this subtle resistance from his Canadian work force.7. organisation conflict in Modrow plant, there was an obvious conflict between workers and Dick Spencer. We can see it from this denounce In recalling his first year at Modrow, Dick had felt constantly pressured and badgered. He always sensed that the Canadians he worked with resented his presence since he has brought in over the heads of the operating staff . In the other words, other workers couldnt live up with Dicks arrival in the company.8. Corporate innovation management, at the time of Dick Spencers arrival in the Modrow Branch, there was a lack of good corporate innovation management. We can see it from this sentence Prior to Dicks appointment as plant manager at Modrow, extensive plans for plant expansion and improvement had been approved and started. Altough he had not been in on the original discussions and plans, he inherited all the problems that accompany large-scale changes in any organization. construction was slower in completion than originally planned, equipment arrived before the building was finished, employees were upset about the extent of change expected in their work routines with installation of additional machinery, and, in general, morale was a low ebb9. Decentralization, basically this is American organization type and American one is more formalistic than European. Decentralization is basically increase the pressure from parent company management. We can see it from this sentence This decentralization in organizational structure increased the freedom and authority of the plant managers, but increased the pressure for profitability10. inadequacy of leadership for Dick Spencer, in terms of organization leader Dick Spencer shouldnt include the all the works in the organization. He tried to do it by himself every single things and he aimed to swear out every action. In terms of HRM, this is not good character for the good Leader. We can see it from this sentence As he worked through his first year as plant manager, Dick developed the utilization of strolling around the organization. This created the conflict between him and workers. Also this creates dis-approvement from workers. We can see it from this sentence Supervisors, managers and foreman, however didnt feel as comfortable when they saw him in the area11. Lack of knowledge in Human resource and accoun ting knowledge, these two courses were disadvantage for Dick Spencer in this study in MBA and these two are very important for any organization. In the other way, he can find and hire person who can do his unknowledgeable fields such as accounting and HR.12. Too high prospect from management made pressure, we can see it from this sentence he believed that the president and his friends in the home office were constantly on the alert, waiting for Dick to prove himself or fail flat on his face

Stolen Valor Act

wherefore cant we try to deter willful misrepresentations of fact by a modest fine, at least, if they create count on harm to others? Lies to those evaluating your credentials may do direct harm to others. If ace lies to gain a job, something which seems to meet with increasing frequency, isnt it a direct harm to others? Or, how some specious representing as having received each credentials for something? The Stolen Valor represent of 2005, signed into justice by President George W. Bush on celestial latitude 20, 2006,1 was a U. S. law of nature that broadened the provisions of previous U. S. aw addressing the unauthorized wear, military manufacture, or sale of every forces decorations and medals. The law make it a federal official misdemeanor to ludicrously represent oneself as having received any U. S. military decoration or medal. If convicted, defendants might pay off been imprisoned for up to six months, unless the decoration lied about is the Medal of Honor, in wh ich case imprisonment could have been up to one year (Wikipedia). I in person dont have any family members in the military, but I know friends who are in the military and I know they would be highly offended if someone falsely represented themselves to be a member of the military.Those men and women who serve our country risk their lives and have put work into any(prenominal) credentials they have earned and it is a great disrespect for anyone to falsely give oneself credit for something they have not earned. The purpose of the Act was to strengthen the provisions of federal law by broadening its desktop and strengthening penalties. Specific new provisions in the Act included granting more authority to federal law enforcement officers broadening the law to cover false claims whereas previously an overt act had to be committed covering the mailing and shipping of medals and protecting the reputation and meaning of military heroism medals. The Act made it illegal for unauthorized pe rsons to wear, buy, sell, barter, trade, or manufacture any decoration or medal authorized by Congress for the armed forces of the United States, or any of the utility medals or badges awarded to the members of much(prenominal) forces. In the 18 months after the act was enacted, the Chicago Tribune estimated there were twenty prosecutions. The number increased as awareness of the law spread (Wikipedia).The number of prosecutions continued to increase. Therefore, it was very clear that this was a tremendous issue and that the Stolen Valor Act was serving its purpose. Unfortunately, the major(ip)ity disagreed saying that there is no proof that lying about medals degrades the value and love of those who have actually earned those medals. Who could possibly agree to this? Well, government lawyers argued that lies about military medals are false statements that have no value and hence no first Amendment protection.On Thursday September 13, 2012, the U. S. House of Representatives pas sed a new version of the Stolen Valor Act. The first version of the Stolen Valor Act was struck push down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the First Amendment. The bill focuses not on volume who lie about having medals they didnt earn, but on any profits they make from lying about the medals, which is essentially criminal fraud. Rep. Joe Heck (R-Nevada) sponsored the new bill. His office issued a release saying the bill passed by a choose of 410-3.Heck said in a floor speech that the bill would survive judicial review because it resolves the constituent(a) issues by clearly defining that the objective of the law is to target and punish those who misrepresent the alleged service with the intent of profiting personally or financially. The bill targets those who falsely claim to have earned certain major military decorations, including the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Cross, Air Force Cross, Silver Star, Purple kindling or a medal signifying you served in combat (CNNPolitics).In 2007, there was a case against a man named Xavier Alvarez who was an elected member of the Three Valleys Municipal Water District Board in Pomona, California. Alvarez said at a public water district board meeting that he was a retired Marine, had been wounded many times, and had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1987(NBCNews). However, he never served in the United States armed forces. Alvarez argued that his false statements were protected by the first Amendment right of free speech.Regardless, of his freedom of speech or anyones, no one should be giving the right to lie about something so serious especially, if it dishonors the men and women who serve for us and our country. I believe that there should be a law protecting military members against people deal Alvarez. Unfortunately, the majority opinion by Justice Anthony Kennedy said, The remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true. This is the ordinary agate line in a free s ociety. He also quoted from the famous dissent by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in the 1919 Abrams decision The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the emulation of the market. Some false statements are inevitable if there is to be an open and vigorous expression of views in public and private conversation, expression the First Amendment seeks to guarantee (NBCNews). Kennedy might have a point, but I strongly disagree and believe it is unethical period.Moreover, the government shouldnt allow anyone to make false statements of any kind if it disrespects their country and their people. This act has definitely been a long debate for some of us with cogitate arguments on both sides. In my view its unethical and it should have not been struck down by the Supreme Court. Yes, we live in a country with freedom of speech, but this has abused such privilege. So why not punish someone when theyve abused such privilege?

A Rhetorical Approach to Interpersonal Communication File

In the guess of a rhetorical approach, three uncreated ways atomic number 18 identified in order to achieve the goals of interpersonal rhetoric. They are rhetorical reflector, rhetorically sensitive person and Nobel self. In this paper, the applicability of these three ways willing be discussed since their applicability is distinguishable in Hong Kong culture. First, the way that kit and boodle best in Hong Kong culture is the Nobel self, who is unwilling to multifariousness for others. This theory flirts best because of the way that parents taking care of their children.The average number of children in each family in Hong Kong has swap magnitude compared to the families in the past, which bring on nearly doubled the average numbers of children in each family, so parents outhouse pay more attention on each child. Also, parents tend to build up a positive degree parental relationship with their children by satisfying most of the wants of the children and putting their ch ildren at the first priority. Since the children are use to be the center of their parents, they become self-centered, that is they put their own feelings in the first priority, as a result, their abilities to transfigure for others are reduced.The example to show that Nobel self toys best in Hong Kong is a group of teenagers in Hong Kong who the society described them as a group of people having the illusion of being a princess or a prince. These teenagers believe that they should be treated as princesses or princes that they dont mystify to do anything or to bear any responsibility. The main cause of this group is stated above. These teenagers are unwilling to change for others especially their relational partners because they think that everyone will change for them just like their families do. This type of teenagers shows that the Nobel self work best in Hong Kong.The part of the theories that does not work in Hong Kong is the rhetorical reflector, who is willing to change t o entertain their partners. In Hong Kong, people are trained to possess a critical thinking skill, which means they should have their own judgment towards an issue, instead of influencing by others, for example, in the relationship of boss and employees, if the boss ask his employee to do illegal work, the employee will judge the situation using his value of right or wrong to try doing it or not. He will not sacrifice themselves by changing their value and doing the work in order to lease the boss. This critical thinking skill enables the people in Hong Kong to think independently, so that their value and thoughts will be influenced by others. They are not willing to change to please their partners, but if there are strong evidences or supporting materials, they will change. Therefore, the rhetorical reflector theory does not work in Hong Kong. Finally, rhetorically sensitive person works in modified way in Hong Kong. The theory is applicable in the situation that there is a diff erence in power, such as the instructor and student relationship, which the teacher is having a higher power.The student who has lower power will be rhetorical sensitive, for example, the student believes that he has done nothing wrong for being late to school, but when explaining to the teacher, he will change his discourse by not stating his judgment towards the issue. Instead, he will give excuses to blame it on other things. The hidden value of the excuses is that the student has done nothing wrong in this issue. However, if there is no difference in the power in the relationship, such as siblings, the student will not change his discourse. He will express his value directly to his siblings.This approach is the application of Nobel self. Since the student know that they have equal power in the relationship, that means they have equal control over the definition of the relationship, so the first priority, which is his own feeling, will come first. He is unwilling to change for o thers once there is no difference in power in the relationship. Hong Kong culture is a complex, so the applicability of the three chief(a) ways in the rhetorical approach is different in Hong Kong culture even though they are developed from the same theory.

Employment Conditions on Employee Productivity

INTRODUCTIONThe main drive of devising and improving employee productiveness is to increase efficiency, and these results partly form better industrial relations. If people argon in suitable strains, they be more in all probability to be contended with their movement, and this volition react favorably on the output directly and provide promote co-operative relations. Conducive exercising conditions environment stimulates creativity of workers. Non-improvement in work environment and bad working conditions contribute to low productivity of employees because employees lack the motive to give their individual best towards production.A favourable working condition is one of the most important calculates that boost employee productivity, and the level of interaction amongst the employee, employer and the superiors gingers the employees to be either strong or otherwise. According to Likert (1959), the contribution of working conditions to an individuals line blessedness va ries widely, but generally, it is considered comparatively small. Other things employees complain most include health and safety mea authorizeds against accident and fire, sanitation and suggestion system. In Nigeria private companies, the plight of workers reflect Fredrick Taylors thesis on factory humanityagement which states that in the past, the man had been first, in the future the system comes first.Fredrick Taylor says that managers are technically oriented. Greater emphasis is placed on output, high production and cost savings, no matter the human cost that may be involved in the process of achieving their objectives. For this to be achieved, on that point must be constant improvement in working conditions which c overs claims for higher(prenominal) wages, shorter hours of work, holiday arrangement and pay incentives and bonus e.t.c. Adequate grievance procedure and provision for arbitration over disputes are further safeguarded.Under the 1979 constitution, it is provid ed that the objectives of the Nigerian states are geared towards ensuring that (a) Health, safety and wel removede of all persons in employment are safeguarded and not endangered or abused b) Conditions of work are just and humane term there are facilities for leisure and for social, religious and cultural life. c) Opportunities are provided for citizen to secure adequate mean of victuals and suitable employment and d) thither are adequate medical and health facilities for all persons.According to Mayedeo and Markak (1962), productivity may be defined as the ratio in the midst of the production of a given commodity heedful by volume and one more of the corresponding input factor measured by volume. A look at the higher up definition shows that productivity is made up of labour, raw materials or faction of m whatever factors. It should be however said that productivity of labour has been the main concern. The ratio of output of the factor is the measure of productivity in relat ion to the particular factor of production.Production = Output of ProductionInput of Labour P = O/M Where p = Productivity O = Output M = Man hours put inThis research aims at investigating, examining and the analyzing of employment conditions and its effect on employees in an industrial giving medication on their rate of productivity. Productivity is a merry and major concept to every industrial establishment. As a matter of fact, no organization would be able to achieve its final stages if the matter of productivity is neglected. It has also been argued that labour aspect is the most vital without which the organization would be far from reaching the desired goals. Even in the committee of nations, productivity is a major tool for development.Productivity took a new dimension with the industrial revolution where productivity transcended mere subsistence. amply productivity in industries is highly important as a result of the fact that it is a indispensable condition for orga nizational sustenance and continuity in addition to improved standard of living. It is worthy of arouse that industrialization is an advancement of work. forge itself is seen as an effort or activity carried out for personal or organizational sustenance. Much expectation is attached with the concept of work, in addition to the provision of economic security. Work dos life meaningful and gives the feeling of self-actualization and acceptance to the worker in an industrial environment. However, the importance of work elucidated above working in the Nigerian industrial environment has not been that easy in recent season .Som any thing come into play which affect workers in the process of their daily activities as far as working condition are concern. These challenges often force industrial workers to feel concerned about almost important working conditions such as the pay, the sensual environment, safety, participation in decision making, race development /progression, heath et c.STATEMENT OF PROBLEMIn a situation whereby the working environment is not conducive enough for the employees, there may be a setback in the production level. A number of problems may swot while trying to create a good working condition. This may include good remuneration package, incentives and bonuses, good insurance policy, allowance, cordial relationship of the superior and subordinate and good compensation.Organization must make sure that the working conditions are favourable so as to motivate the employee without any grudges towards achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Some of the problems that will make an employee less productive will include Low job satisfaction, inadequate communication, poor employee/ vigilance relationship, neglect of job analysis, autocratic wariness style, weak union structure, and arbitrary change of work rule.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDYThe purpose of teach will includeTo find out the extent to which employment conditions and emplo yees productivity can be improved and the impact in on Cadbury Nigeria Plc. To find out how a well carried out job analysis improves productivity in Cadbury Nigeria Plc. To examine the type of leadership style and the relationship between the management and employees To go steady the extent of labour turnover in relation to working conditions in Cadbury Nigeria Plc.RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe research questions of the test will include i. What leadership style is being adopted by the management of Cadbury Nigeria Plc.? ii. Is there any relationship between social interaction and employee productivity? iii. How can working conditions influence employee productivity in Cadbury Nigeria Plc? iv. Is there a direct relationshipbetween working conditions and employee productivity? v. Does wage rate determine employees productivity?RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS H There is no direct relationship between working conditions and employee productivity. H There is a direct relationship between working conditio ns and employee productivity.H There is no dictatorial relationship between social interaction and employees productivity. H There is a positive relationship between social interaction and employees productivity.H Employees are not satisfied with the working conditions and are likely to express the need to leave the organization. H Employees are satisfied with the working conditions and are likely to express the need to leave the organization.SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYThe study shows that productivity is a very essential factor in any organization. There is a need for the parties to strive hard to ensure that well carried out job increase productivity and it should be adhered to especially at the company level and there is the pursuit of variation excellent gos to customers. This research seeks to find out why expected returns are not accruing to some organizations while others are reaping the fruit of their labour. The research is also of particular interest in finding out whether em ployees with best performance are expressed within the range of their working conditions.SCOPE OF STUDYThis study is limited in scope to finding impact of working conditions on employee productivity. This study additionally identifies productivity related problems confronting organization with the intention of providing relevant solutions to them. This study is focused on the Food, Beverage and Tobacco fabrication. This is one of growing industry in Nigeria economy and Cadbury Nigeria Plc. is chosen. It is chosen with the belief that it will provide us an overview into the performance assessment consumption in the Food, Beverage and Tobacco industry.LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature revaluation is very important and crucial to any research work. This is because the review of literature provides us with guidance and exposes us to other works that have been done in any particular field. It facilitates an insight into the understanding of the subject matter of research. Here, various opin ions shall be discussed so as to make it easy for other researchers who wish to embark on the kindred subject matter. Relevant and current literatures will be reviewed.Brenner (2004) argued for modeling of work environment to improve employees productivity calls for management responsibilities of holding everything together, improving motivation and creating commitment in the work environment. He postulated the PRIDE model, which managers can use in order to be successful in modeling the work environment. Providing a work environment that simultaneously achieves company goals and employees goal involves motivating such work environment with quality of work life.This involves giving employees opportunity for their personal growth, achievement, responsibility, lore and reward so as to get high quality productivity from employees (Cecunc, 2004). According to Yesufu (1984), the nature of the physical condition under which employees work is important to output. Offices and factories th at are too hot and ill-ventilated are debilitating to effort. There should be enough supply of good protective clothing, drinking water, rest rooms, toilets, first aids facilities etc. Both management and employees should be safety conscious at all times and minimum of fatality of the factories act must be respected.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis shall highlight the manner that will be employed in aggregation relevant information and analyzing such information. The areas that would be covered includes, the research population, sample size, research design, research instrument, re-statement of hypothesis, method of entropy collection and method of data analysis.The population of this research is based on the food, beverage and baccy industry, while the sample is Cadbury Nigeria Plc. The research instrument to be adopted will involve the use of questionnaires andinterviews. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.SAMPLE AND take TECHNIQUESThe whole population cannot be studied, thus a sample was drawn to represent the population. The finding from the study of sample shall be generalized for the entire population all employees of the Cadbury Nigeria Plc. They will be given live and independent chance of being selected and included in the sample,DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONData analysis and interpretation is the life-wire of any research study, an attempt will be made to classify responses according to sex, age, educational level, marital status, length of service and current salary grade. Simple Random Sampling shall be employed in analyzing the collected data whereby each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process.DEFINITION OF TERMS i. Job satisfaction Is in regard to ones feelings or state-of-mind regarding the nature of their work. Job satisfaction can be influenced by a variety of factors, eg, the quality of ones relationship with their supervisor, the quality of the physical environment in which they work, degree of fulfillment in their work, etc.ii. Arbitration A non-court procedure for resolving disputes using one or more neutral third gear parties called the arbitrator or arbitration panel. Arbitration uses rules of evidence and procedure that are less formal than those followed in trial courts, which usually leads to a faster, less-expensive resolutioniii. Leadership style Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people.iv. Productivity Productivity is the relative efficiency of economic activitythat is, the amount of products or run produced compared to the amount of goods and labour used to produce it. It can also be said to be the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time. v. Working conditionsW orking conditions is the safety and healthfulness of the workplace, including the physical work environment and the procedures followed in performing the work.